Greek city of ERYTHRAI in IONIA 330BC Hercules Bow Club Ancient Coin i34328 Rare

Greek city of ERYTHRAI in IONIA 330BC Hercules Bow Club Ancient Coin i34328 Rare
Greek city of ERYTHRAI in IONIA 330BC Hercules Bow Club Ancient Coin i34328 Rare


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Item: i34328 Authentic Ancient Coin of: Greek city of Erythrai in Ionia Bronze 12mm (1.70 grams) Struck circa 330-300 B.C. Magistrate Philites Reference: Sear 4436 var.; SNG Copenhagen 606; SNG Munich 332. Head of young Hercules, clad in lion’s skin. Bow in case and club; EPY above, magistrate’s name ΦΙΛIΤΗΣ between. Situated on the coast opposite the island of Chios, Erythrai was a prosperous city and boasted a temple of great antiquity dedicated to Heracles and Athena Polias. You are bidding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity. HERCULES – This celebrated of mythological romance was at first called Alcides, but received the name of Hercules, or Heracles, from the Pythia of Delphos. Feigned by the poets of antiquity to have been a son of “the Thunderer,” but born of an earthly mother, he was exposed, through Juno’s implacable hatred to him as the offspring of Alemena, to a course of perils, which commenced whilst he was yet in his cradle, and under each of which he seemed to perish, but as constantly proved victorious. At length finishing his allotted career with native valor and generosity, though too frequently the submissive agent of the meanness and injustice of others, he perished self-devotedly on the funeral pile, which was lighted on Mount Oeta. Jupiter raised his heroic progeny to the skies; and Hercules was honored by the pagan world, as the most illustrious of deified mortals. The extraordinary enterprises cruelly imposed upon, but gloriously achieved, by this famous demigod, are to be found depicted, not only on Greek coins, but also on the Roman series both consular and imperial. The first, and one of the most dangerous, of undertakings, well-known under the name of the twelve labors of Hercules, was that of killing the huge lion of Nemea; on which account the intrepid warrior is represented, clothes in the skin of that forest monarch; he also bears uniformly a massive club, sometimes without any other arms, but at others with a bow and quiver of arrows. On a denarius of the Antia gens he is represented walking with trophy and club. When his head alone is typified, as in Mucia gens, it is covered with the lion’s spoils, in which distinctive decoration he was imitated by many princes, and especially by those who claimed descent from him – as for example, the kings of Macedonia, and the successors of Alexander the Great. Among the Roman emperors Trajan is the first whose coins exhibit the figure and attributes of Hercules. Erythrae or Erythrai (Greek: Ἐρυθραί) later Litri, was one of the twelve Ionian cities of Asia Minor , situated 22 km north-east of the port of Cyssus (modern name: Çeşme ), on a small peninsula stretching into the Bay of Erythrae , at an equal distance from the mountains Mimas and Corycus , and directly opposite the island of Chios . According to Pausanias (Paus. 7.3.7), Erythrae was founded by Cretan settlers under the leadership of Erythrus the Red, son of Rhadamanthus, and at the same time inhabited by Lycians, Carians, and Pamphylians. At a later period came Cnopus (Strab. 14.633), son of Codrus, with an Ionian colony, whence the city is sometimes called Cnopopolis. The city did not lie exactly on the coast, but some little distance inland, and had a harbor on the coast named Cissus (Livy, 36.43). In the 7th century BC as an Ionian city of Asia Minor, Erythrae was a member of Pan-Ionian League. The city gained fame as a producer of millstone during the period of tyrannical rule. In the peninsula, excellent wine was produced. The town was said to have been founded by Ionians under Knopos , son of Codrus . Never a large city, it sent only eight ships to the Battle of Lade . The Erythraeans were for a considerable time subject to the supremacy of Athens , but towards the close of the Peloponnesian War they threw off their allegiance to that city. After the battle of Cnidus , however, they received Conon , and paid him honours in an inscription, still extant. Erythrae was the birthplace of two prophetesses (sibyls) –one of whom, Sibylla , is mentioned by Strabo as living in the early period of the city; the other, Athenais , lived in the time of Alexander the Great . The Erythraean Sibyl presided over the Apollonian oracle . The ruins include well-preserved Hellenistic walls with towers, of which five are still visible. The acropolis (280 ft) has an amphitheatre on its northern slope, and eastwards lie many remains of Byzantine buildings. By the mid. 18th century and up to early 20th century, Litri was a considerable place and port, extending from the ancient harbour to the acropolis. The smaller coasting steamers call, and there was an active trade with Chios and Smyrna . The archaeological site is situated within the settlement zone of the present-day Turkish village of Ildırı . The site was explored in depth in the 1960s by Professor Ekrem Akurgal , leading to precious discoveries, but has been left somewhat unattended since. About 453 BC Erythrae, refusing to pay tribute, seceded from the Delian League. A garrison and a new government restored the union, but late in the Peloponnesian War (412 BC) it revolted again with Chios and Clazomenae. Later it was allied alternately with Athens and Persia. About the middle of the 4th c. BC the city became friendly with Mausolus: in an inscription found on the site he is called a benefactor of Erythrae. About the same time the city signed a treaty with Hermias, Tyrant of Assus and Atarneus, based on reciprocal aid in the event of war. In 334 BC the city regained its freedom through Alexander the Great who, according to Pliny (HN 5.116) and Pausanias (2.1.5), planned to cut a canal through the peninsula of Erythrae to connect Teos bay with the gulf of Smyrna. When Alexander returned to Memphis in April 331 BC, envoys from Greece were waiting for him, saying that the oracles at Didyma and Erythrae, which had been silent for a long time, had suddenly spoken and confirmed that Alexander was the son of Zeus. The timing proves that Alexander was already thinking that he was of a more than human nature when he entered Greece: after all, the people of Didyma and Erythrae can never have known that Alexander was recognized as the son of Ra and wanted to be called ‘son of Zeus’. Erythrae was later associated with Pergamum and with Rome, and after the death of Attalos III in 133 BC, when the Pergamene kingdom was bequeathed to the Romans, it flourished as a free city attached to the Roman province of Asia. At this time, Erythrae was renowned for its wine, goats, timber, and millstones, as well as its prophetic sibyls, Herophile and Athenais. In the Roman period the city was plundered and its importance faded after the earthquakes of that region in the 1st c. AD. Frequently Asked Questions How long until my order is shipped? Depending on the volume of sales, it may take up to 5 business days for shipment of your order after the receipt of payment. How will I know when the order was shipped? After your order has shipped, you will be left positive feedback, and that date should be used as a basis of estimating an arrival date. After you shipped the order, how long will the mail take? USPS First Class mail takes about 3-5 business days to arrive in the U.S., international shipping times cannot be estimated as they vary from country to country. I am not responsible for any USPS delivery delays, especially for an international package. What is a certificate of authenticity and what guarantees do you give that the item is authentic? Each of the items sold here, is provided with a Certificate of Authenticity, and a Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity, issued by a world-renowned numismatic and antique expert that has identified over 10000 ancient coins and has provided them with the same guarantee. You will be quite happy with what you get with the COA; a professional presentation of the coin, with all of the relevant information and a picture of the coin you saw in the listing. Compared to other certification companies, the certificate of authenticity is a $25-50 value. So buy a coin today and own a piece of history, guaranteed. Is there a money back guarantee? I offer a 30 day unconditional money back guarantee. I stand behind my coins and would be willing to exchange your order for either store credit towards other coins, or refund, minus shipping expenses, within 30 days from the receipt of your order. My goal is to have the returning customers for a lifetime, and I am so sure in my coins, their authenticity, numismatic value and beauty, I can offer such a guarantee. Is there a number I can call you with questions about my order? You can contact me directly via ask seller a question and request my telephone number, or go to my About Me Page to get my contact information only in regards to items purchased on eBay. When should I leave feedback? Once you receive your order, please leave a positive. Please don’t leave any negative feedbacks, as it happens many times that people rush to leave feedback before letting sufficient time for the order to arrive. Also, if you sent an email, make sure to check for my reply in your messages before claiming that you didn’t receive a response. The matter of fact is that any issues can be resolved, as reputation is most important to me. My goal is to provide superior products and quality of service.

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